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''Honi soit qui mal y pense'' (UK: or US: ) is an Anglo-Norman maxim that means, "May he be shamed who thinks badly of it". Its literal translation from Old French is "Shame be to him who thinks evil of it." It is sometimes re-interpreted as "Evil (or shame) be to him that evil thinks."〔 Reprinted in 1995 by The Lawbook Exchange, Union, NJ, ISBN 1-886363-12-9.〕 In contemporaneous French usage, it is usually used ironically, to insinuate the presence of hidden agendas or conflicts of interest.〔(Honi soit qui mal y pense - French expressions analyzed and explained ); AboutEducation, retrieved 22 July 2015.〕 The saying's most famous use is as the motto of the British chivalric Order of the Garter. It is also inscribed at the end of the manuscript of ''Sir Gawain and the Green Knight'', but it appears to have been a later addition.〔 〕 ==History and translation== According to historian Elias Ashmole, the foundation of the Garter occurred when King Edward III of England prepared for the Battle of Crécy and gave "forth his own garter as the signal." Another theory suggests "a trivial mishap at a court function" when King Edward III was dancing with Joan of Kent, his first cousin and daughter-in-law. Her garter slipped down to her ankle causing those around her to snigger at her humiliation.〔(Berkshire History - The Order of the Garter )〕 In an act of chivalry Edward placed the garter around his own leg saying, "Honi soit qui mal y pense. Tel qui s'en rit aujourd'hui, s'honorera de la porter."〔(Le château de Windsor )〕 The two phrases are often translated as follows: "A scoundrel, who thinks badly by it" or "Shame on him who suspects illicit motivation," followed by, "Those who laugh at this today, tomorrow will be proud to wear it." Other translations include: "Spurned be the one who evil thinks", "Shame be to him who thinks ill of it," and "Evil on him who thinks evil." David Nash Ford observes that although "Edward III may outwardly have professed the Order of the Garter to be a revival of the Round Table, it is probable that privately its formation was a move to gain support for his dubious claim to the French throne. The motto of the Order is a denunciation of those who think ill of some specific project, and not a mere pious invocation of evil upon evil-thinkers in general. 'Shame be to him who thinks ill of it' was probably directed against anyone who should oppose the King's design on the French Crown."〔(David N. Ford on the Order of the Garter )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Honi soit qui mal y pense」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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